SQL

Here is a glossary of terms related to SQL (Structured Query Language):

1. SQL: Structured Query Language is a standard programming language for managing and manipulating relational databases.

2. Database: A structured collection of data organized and stored in a manner that allows efficient retrieval and modification.

3. Table: A database object that stores data in rows and columns. Tables consist of fields (columns) and records (rows).

4. Column: A named attribute within a table that represents a specific data item. Columns define the structure and type of data that can be stored in them.

5. Row: A single record or tuple within a table. Each row contains values that correspond to the columns of the table.

6. Primary Key: A unique identifier for a row in a table. It ensures that each row can be uniquely identified and provides a means for data integrity and relational integrity.

7. Foreign Key: A column in a table that establishes a link or relationship with a primary key in another table. It maintains referential integrity between related tables.

8. Index: A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table. It allows for faster searching and sorting based on specific columns.

9. Query: A request for data retrieval or manipulation in a database. SQL queries use statements such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE to interact with the database.

10. SELECT: The SQL statement used to retrieve data from one or more tables based on specified conditions. It is commonly used to retrieve data for analysis or presentation.

11. INSERT: The SQL statement used to insert new data into a table. It specifies the table name and values to be inserted.

12. UPDATE: The SQL statement used to modify existing data in a table. It allows for changing values in specific columns based on specified conditions.

13. DELETE: The SQL statement used to remove rows or records from a table. It allows for the deletion of specific rows based on specified conditions.

14. JOIN: A SQL operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. Different types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

15. WHERE: A clause used in SQL queries to specify conditions for retrieving or modifying data. It filters records based on specified criteria.

16. GROUP BY: A clause used in SQL queries to group rows based on one or more columns. It is often used in conjunction with aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc.

17. ORDER BY: A clause used in SQL queries to sort the retrieved data based on one or more columns. It can sort in ascending or descending order.

18. Normalization: The process of organizing database tables and their relationships to minimize redundancy and improve data integrity.

19. Transaction: A sequence of database operations treated as a single logical unit. It ensures that all operations within the transaction are completed successfully or none are applied.

20. Database Management System (DBMS): Software that enables the creation, management, and administration of databases. Popular DBMSs include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.