C++

1. C++: C++ is a general-purpose programming language derived from the C programming language. It is known for its efficiency, performance, and support for object-oriented programming.

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): A programming paradigm that organizes code around objects, which encapsulate data and behavior. OOP concepts in C++ include classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

3. Class: A blueprint or template for creating objects that defines the structure and behavior of objects. It encapsulates data and member functions.

4. Object: An instance of a class that represents a specific entity and has its own set of data and functions.

5. Function: A block of code that performs a specific task. Functions can take parameters and return values.

6. Method: A member function of a class that operates on the data of an object.

7. Constructor: A special member function of a class that is automatically called when an object is created. It initializes the object's data members.

8. Destructor: A special member function of a class that is automatically called when an object goes out of scope or is explicitly destroyed. It cleans up resources used by the object.

9. Inheritance: A mechanism that allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. C++ supports single inheritance, multiple inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance.

10. Polymorphism: The ability of objects of different classes to respond differently to the same function call. It can be achieved through function overloading and virtual functions.

11. Encapsulation: The bundling of data and related functions within a class, hiding the implementation details from outside access.

12. Abstraction: The process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on the essential features and hiding unnecessary details.

13. Template: A feature in C++ that allows generic programming by defining functions or classes with placeholders for types or values. Templates are used to create reusable code that works with different data types.

14. Namespace: A mechanism to group related classes, functions, and variables under a common name. It helps avoid naming conflicts.

15. Exception Handling: A mechanism to handle runtime errors and abnormal conditions in a program. C++ provides try-catch blocks to catch and handle exceptions.

16. Pointer: A variable that holds the memory address of another variable. Pointers are used for dynamic memory allocation, passing references, and working with data structures.

17. Reference: A variable that acts as an alias for another variable. References provide an alternative way to access and manipulate data.

18. Standard Template Library (STL): A library that provides generic classes and functions for common programming tasks, such as containers (vectors, lists), algorithms (sorting, searching), and iterators.

19. Dynamic Memory Allocation: The process of allocating memory at runtime using the `new` operator. It allows for flexible memory management but requires explicit deallocation with the `delete` operator.

20. Preprocessor: A part of the C++ compiler that performs text manipulations before the compilation process. It handles directives starting with `#`, such as including header files or defining macros.